Airline Hubs by Airline and Alliance

What are airline hubs, by airline and alliance? It can be helpful when putting together an award ticket to know:

• Which airlines are part of a given alliance, so you know which airlines you can fly given certain frequent flyer miles
• What each airline's hub or hub cities are, since flights will generally go to the hub (or one of the hubs, if there's more than one) before you're taken to a smaller city
• The destinations available from each airport, so you can search segment by segment

A TravelSort reader writes “There was an article on airline hubs around the world and their destinations…I cannot find it anymore…perhaps republish it? Always a useful overview.” 

While I think this may have been an article written by another author, as I don't remember writing a previous post on airline hubs, it's a good question, so I've compiled a list of hubs by airline and by alliance. 

The second part of the question is the destinations from a given airport. To be honest, rather than creating a completely unwieldy post by listing all the destinations for each of the hubs below, I find that a good source is usually the Wikipedia entry for a given airport. There's usually an Airlines and Destinations section, including Passenger section, which will list all the airlines serving the airport and their destinations.

Here's an excerpt from the Munich Airport Wikipedia page, as an example:

Star Alliance Airline Hubs (Popular Airlines and Hubs in Bold Font)

• Adria Airways: Ljubljana, Pristina
• Aegean Airlines: Athens, Thessaloniki
• Air Canada: Calgary, Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver 
• Air China: Beijing, Chengdu, Shanghai
• Air India: Delhi, Mumbai
• Air New Zealand: Auckland,Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Shanghai
• ANA: Tokyo Haneda, Tokyo Narita
• Asiana Airlines: Seoul Incheon
• Austrian: Vienna
• Avianca: Bogota, El Salvador, Lima, San Salvador
• Brussels Airlines: Brussels
• Copa Airlines:  Panama City
• Croatia Airlines: Zagreb
• EGYPTAIR: Cairo
• LOT Polish Airlines: Warsaw
• Lufthansa: Frankfurt, Munich
• Scandinavian Airlines (SAS): Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm
• Shenzen Airlines: Shenzen, Guangzhou
• Singapore Airlines: Singapore
• South African Airways: Johannesburg
• SWISS: Zurich
• TAP Portugal: Lisbon, Porto
• Thai Airways: Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Phuket, Hat Yai
• Turkish Airlines: Istanbul, Ankara
• United Airlines: Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, Newark, San Francisco, Washington D.C.